Physical properties
Copper possesses outstanding conductivity, with a rating of 58m/(2. mm square), which is one of its most significant attributes. The electronic, electrical, and telecommunications industries greatly benefit from copper usage due to its conductivity. The robust atomic junctions in copper allow for unrestricted movement, making it the second most conductive metal after silver. The standard global scale for measuring copper conductivity is determined by a one-meter copper piece weighing one gram, which registers 100% conductivity at 20°C. Technological advancements in copper smelting have made it possible to produce copper with a conductivity rating 4% to 5% higher than the international standard.
The presence of free electrons in solid copper has a significant impact on its thermal conductivity, which is incredibly high at 386W/(m.k). Only silver surpasses copper in terms of thermal conductivity. Not only is copper abundant, but it is also relatively inexpensive compared to other precious metals like gold and silver. As a result, copper is used in a range of products such as neutral cables, connector terminals, busbars, and lead frames in various industries, including electronic, electrical, and telecommunications. Moreover, copper is a crucial material for heat exchange equipment like heat exchangers, condensers, and radiators, as well as in metallurgical and other heat exchange applications.
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